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In 1982,IBM or International Business Machines made the original PC motherboard
which used the 8088 CPU or Central Processing Unit.This simple board also
had a BIOS, memory sockets and adapter slots. The Motherboard
have several formats with the Baby AT being the classic format for
486 and Pentium computers. The ATX format comes with the Socket 7 and
Slot 1 main board while the new NLX motherboard is considered low cost
with PCI and ISA slots mounted on raisers. The Motherboard's form
factor is its physical size and shape.The Let's take the time to look at the components of the motherboard and how they relate to each other.We will look at the Titan 3 Gigabyte Pentium 4 Motherboard and its components.
COMPONENTS ON THE MOTHERBOARD CPU Chip is the brains of
any computer.This Pentium
4 2.5 gigabyte chips has a very large
cooling fan which circulates air around the chip. RAM Memory is where information
is stored for very quick access by the computer.DIMM
memory was the popular memory chip until the more recent RIMM
Chips came on the scene. BIOS Chip is that chip responsible
for holding the data the computer needs to start and to check all devices
in the system.This data is not lost when the computer is turned off.The
cmos battery keeps the data intact. CMOS Battery provides power
to the BIOS Chip so that the computer can access the data on the chip.This
data allows the computer to boot up. ISA Slots stands for Industry
Standard Architecture and this is the older and slower data bus used on
486 PCs. PCI Slots replaced the slower
ISA Slots.The PCI data bus gives the computer much faster data transfer
from the device to the motherboard. AGP Slot is used by the video
card to provide quick and fast access by the cpu.Video data is send directly
to the cpu without any delay whatsoever.AGP stands for Accelerated Graphics
Port: an Intel-designed 32-bit PC bus architecture introduced in 1997
allowing graphics cards direct access to the system bus. USB Ports or Universal Serial Bus ports are Intel's newer standard connection for attaching such peripherals as digital cameras.
Disk Controllers are where
the data cable coming from the drives areconnected.These Controllers,such
as the Floppy and Hard Drive controllers are mounted onto the motherboard.Some
older computers had these components mounted in adapter slots. The Chipsets are simply a
number of integrated circuits designed to perform one or more functions
that are closely related to each other. Expansion Slots are input/output
buses made of a series of slots on the motherboard.Expansion slots are
plugged into such data buses as the ISA and PCI bus. Parallel Ports are input/output
channels a such parallel devices like the printer.Data is send and received
eight bits at a time over 8 separate wires. PS/2 Port is an IBM Computer
port introduced in 1987.It such developed to interface keyboards and such
pointing devices as the mouse,touch pads,and trackballs.This port is commonly
referred to as the mouse port. Serial Ports allow communication
between the computer and such serial devices as modems,and mice.Serial
Ports are also called COM or communications port. ATX Power Connector provides
power from the power supply to
ZIF Socket is the designed
socket where the CPU Chip is installed.This socket is best known for its
quick and fast upgrade by allowing the chip to be removed and installed
easily. These are the major components of the motherboard with very few exceptions.Take
the time to carefully remove the cover from your system unit and study
your motherboard. Determine your motherboard's form facter either by your computer's manual
or by visiting the motherboard's web site providing support. Try to locate all major components such as the cpu and ram memory.Then locate the more hard to find parts like the floppy drive controller,which is motherboard mounted on new computers. Should you need fast help on identifying the components go to www.ultimatepcrepair.com/photos.html to view pictures of every computer component on the mainboard.
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Otis F. Cooper
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